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What Is Credit History?

Last Updated: July 25, 2024

6 min read

Table of contents

Key points about: credit history definition

Your credit history is a summary of your experience managing credit accounts and debts.
Credit history is important because it’s used by credit card companies, mortgage lenders, landlords, and employers to determine your creditworthiness and risk.
Your credit score is a number based on your credit history, but the two aren’t the same thing.

If you’re applying for an additional credit card, seeking additional funds with a personal loan, or applying for an apartment, you may need to review your credit score to assess whether you’ll be approved. Or maybe you’re applying for a credit card for the first time and want to know how important your credit history is for your financial future.

If you’re curious about credit history and credit scores, review this guide to help you better understand these important financial terms.

Definition of credit score and credit history

What is credit history, and what’s a credit score? These two important concepts can impact a person’s finances but can be difficult to understand. Here, we’ll break down what you need to know about credit history and credit scores, and why they’re important.

Credit history

Your credit history is the information recorded about your experience managing credit accounts and debts. Someone with a good credit history might be eligible for favorable loan terms and flexible account types. Meanwhile, someone with a poor credit history might be subject to a higher interest rate.

Your credit history appears on your credit reports as a list of credit accounts in your name. The list includes each account’s name and status, activity on loans and credit cards, loan type, and more. Lenders use this information to determine your creditworthiness.

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Your creditors (banks, lenders, utility companies, etc.) usually report your credit activity and information to at least one major credit bureau (also called a “credit reporting agency”). There are three major credit bureaus: Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Your credit history may be different at each credit reporting agency because some creditors may not submit information to all three.

Your credit history includes:

The number and types of credit accounts you have open, such as credit cards, mortgages, student loans, and car loans
How long your credit accounts have been open
Your credit utilization ratio, which is calculated by dividing your outstanding balances by your total credit limit
Whether or not you’ve made on-time payments
The number of recent hard credit inquiries
Any bankruptcies and collections

Credit score

Not to be confused with a credit history, a credit score is a three-digit number that reflects a consumer’s creditworthiness. Your credit score is calculated based on your credit history, and it can vary depending on which credit bureau you get your credit score from. This is because each credit bureau may use a different credit scoring model, and as noted above, may use different information to calculate your score. Some credit scoring models are more widely used than others. For instance, 90% of top lenders use FICO^® Credit Scores.¹

Why your credit history is important

Credit history is important because credit card companies, mortgage lenders, and landlords use this information to assess your creditworthiness. Basically, they want to understand how you’ve managed your financial commitments in the past to determine whether you’re someone they could trust with a loan of money or property.

These businesses may pull your credit history and credit score to determine the risk of working with you and decide which products and terms you’re eligible for.

Good credit score and history

Lenders may review the specifics of your credit history to see what kinds of accounts you’ve had in the past and how long you’ve had them, in addition to looking at your credit score. A good credit score can help you get approved for lower interest rates and more credit options. A high credit score (which is based on your credit history) tells lenders that you make on-time payments, responsibly maintain your accounts, and keep your credit utilization ratio low. According to FICO, a “good” FICO^® Score is 670 or higher.

Poor credit score and history

On the other hand, a low credit score and poor payment history show lenders that it may be risky to work with you because it suggests that you might have difficulty making payments on time and managing debts. As a result of this increased risk, poor credit history may lead a lender to offer a higher interest rate and a lower credit limit.

Did you know?

If you’ve had trouble managing your finances in the past and have a poor credit history, it can be hard to get new credit. But it’s not impossible. You can rebuild your credit history with the Discover It^® Secured Credit Card ² and stay on top of your credit score.

Learn More

No credit history

In addition to having a poor credit history, having no credit history can make it challenging to qualify for new credit. You may not have a credit history if you’ve never had a credit account or borrowed money in your own name, among other things. Lenders who can’t review your credit history are less likely to lend you money.

If you don’t have a credit history, it’s a good idea to open your first account to start building one. While it may be difficult to be approved for certain leases and loans, there are ways to get a credit card with no credit history.

As mentioned before, a secured card can help you start a credit history. If you’re enrolled in college, you can also build your credit history³ with a Discover student credit card. Using your card responsibly by making on-time monthly payments and keeping your balance low can contribute to a strong credit history.

How to improve your credit history

If your credit history isn't exactly where you'd like it to be, there are ways to improve it.

Pay down your existing balances. Try to minimize your credit utilization and, eventually, pay off your debts.
Set up autopay through your online banking portal. Your payment history is important to lenders, so you should avoid even one missed or late payment.
If you’re ready, consider a secured credit card to rebuild your credit history.
Consider credit counseling to help you manage credit card debt and make informed credit decisions moving forward.

How to check credit history

Your credit history contains a wealth of important information about your financial standing. It’s a good idea to check your credit history regularly to track your progress and meet your financial goals. You can request your credit report and credit history for free once a week at annualcreditreport.com.

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FICO^® Credit Score Terms: Your FICO^® Credit Score, key factors and other credit information are based on data from TransUnion^® and may be different from other credit scores and other credit information provided by different bureaus. This information is intended for and only provided to Primary account holders who have an available score. See Discover.com/FICO about the availability of your score. Your score, key factors and other credit information are available on Discover.com and cardmembers are also provided a score on statements. Customers will see up to a year of recent scores online. Discover and other lenders may use different inputs, such as FICO^® Credit Scores, other credit scores and more information in credit decisions. This benefit may change or end in the future. FICO is a registered trademark of Fair Isaac Corporation in the United States and other countries.

Discover Financial Services and Fair Isaac are not credit repair organizations as defined under federal law or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. Discover Financial Services and Fair Isaac do not provide “credit repair” services or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history or credit rating.
Build credit with responsible use(Secured): Discover reports your credit history to the three major credit bureaus so it can help build/rebuild your credit if used responsibly. Late payments, delinquencies or other derogatory activity with your credit card accounts and loans may adversely impact your ability to build/rebuild credit.
Build credit with responsible use(Student): Discover reports your credit history to the three major credit bureaus so it can help build your credit if used responsibly. Late payments, delinquencies or other derogatory activity with your credit card accounts and loans may adversely impact your ability to build credit.
There is no hard inquiry to your credit report to check if you’re pre-approved. If you’re pre-approved, and you move forward with submitting an application for the credit card, it will result in a hard inquiry which may impact your credit score. Receiving a pre-approval offer does not guarantee approval. Applicants applying without a social security number are not eligible to receive pre-approval offers. Card applicants cannot be pre-approved for the NHL Discover Card.

Legal Disclaimer: This site is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional advice. The material on this site is not intended to provide legal, investment, or financial advice and does not indicate the availability of any Discover product or service. It does not guarantee that Discover offers or endorses a product or service. For specific advice about your unique circumstances, you may wish to consult a qualified professional.

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